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Separation, immigration, the Constitution: A look at Alberta's referendum questions
A look at the 10 Alberta referendum questions
THE CANADIAN PRESS/Jeff McIntosh
Here are the 10 questions Alberta Premier Danielle Smith is sending to a provincewide referendum on Monday.
Question 1: Do you support the government of Alberta taking increased control over immigration for the purposes of decreasing immigration to more sustainable levels, prioritizing economic migration and giving Albertans first priority on new employment opportunities?
What you need to know: Smith has said she wants to see Alberta have a similar accord as Quebec, which has an agreement with Ottawa that lets the province set its own eligibility requirements for economic migrants.
She said in February that a "normal" and "sustainable" level of immigration would represent less than one per cent of the population, or about 50,000 newcomers per year. But critics say Smith has failed to plan for the population growth it invited with a countrywide ad campaign in recent years.
Question 2: Do you support the government of Alberta introducing a law mandating that only Canadian citizens, permanent residents and individuals with an Alberta-approved immigration status will be eligible for provincially funded programs, such as health care, education and other social services?
What you need to know: The premier has blamed overburdened public services on rapid population growth in the past five years.
The government's website claims temporary residents cost the province more than $1 billion in health care, education and social services. Critics say those numbers don't add up and that the government is ignoring the economic contributions and benefits they bring to Alberta.
The specific effect of a yes vote is unclear, since the government says it won't define "Alberta-approved immigration status" until after the referendum.
Question 3: Assuming that all Canadian citizens and permanent residents continue to qualify for social support programs as they do now, do you support the government of Alberta introducing a law requiring all individuals with a non-permanent legal immigration status to reside in Alberta for at least 12 months before qualifying for any provincially funded social support programs?
What you need to know: The government says it won't determine which programs would be affected until after the referendum, should Albertans vote yes.
Temporary workers are already ineligible for some provincial programs, such as Assured Income for the Severely Handicapped, and the Canadian Bar Association's provincial chapter says this could run afoul of the Canada Health Act or the Charter's equality provisions.
Question 4: Assuming that all Canadian citizens and permanent residents continue to qualify for public health care and education as they do now, do you support the government of Alberta charging a reasonable fee or premium to individuals with a non-permanent immigration status living in Alberta for their and their family's use of the health care and education systems?
What you need to know: A potential new charge wouldn't be determined by the government until after the vote, though the premier told Calgary business leaders on Sept. 22 that a health premium could be as much as $1,900.
Education leaders in the province have come out against restricting access to schooling, saying it goes against internationally agreed children's rights.
Question 5: Do you support the government of Alberta introducing a law requiring individuals to provide proof of citizenship, such as a passport, birth certificate, or citizenship card, to vote in an Alberta provincial election?
What you need to know: Voting is already restricted to Canadian citizens, and both Elections Canada and Elections Alberta have reported very few cases of ineligible voting.
Smith has said it's about strengthening the integrity of provincial elections. Critics say this policy would only make lineups at the polls more time-consuming and open the door to racial or ethnic bias at the voting booth.
Question 6: Do you support the government of Alberta working with the governments of other willing provinces to amend the Canadian Constitution to have provincial governments, and not the federal government, select the justices appointed to provincial King's Bench and Appeal courts?
What you need to know: If approved by voters, this proposal would only commit Alberta's government to working with other provinces and federal lawmakers to make changes to the Constitution.
Changes generally need approval from seven provincial legislatures covering 50 per cent of Canada's population, as well as from the House of Commons and Senate in Ottawa.
Question 7: Do you support the government of Alberta working with the governments of other willing provinces to amend the Canadian Constitution to abolish the unelected federal Senate?
What you need to know: Abolishing the Senate would be even more difficult than other general constitutional amendments. It would need to be unanimously approved by all provinces and ratified by the Senate and the House of Commons.
Question 8: Do you support the government of Alberta working with the governments of other willing provinces to amend the Canadian Constitution to allow provinces to opt out of federal programs that intrude on provincial jurisdiction such as health care, education and social services, without a province losing any of the associated federal funding for use in its social programs?
What you need to know: The federal "spending power" authority allows Ottawa to attach conditions to its funding for provinces, with health-care funding under the Canada Health Act as a key example.
A permanent provincial "opt-out" clause would require the Constitution to be amended.
Question 9: Do you support the government of Alberta working with the governments of other willing provinces to amend the Canadian Constitution to better protect provincial rights from federal interference by giving a province's laws dealing with provincial or shared areas of constitutional jurisdiction priority over federal laws when the province's laws and federal laws conflict?
What you need to know: Under the Constitution, federal laws are given standing over provincial laws when jurisdictional issues arise.
This change to the Constitution would require approval from the Senate, the House of Commons and seven provinces representing at least half the country's population.
Question 10: Should Alberta remain a province of Canada, or should the government of Alberta commence the legal process required under the Canadian Constitution to hold a binding provincial referendum on whether or not Alberta should separate from Canada?
What you need to know: Advocates for separation say the province needs to get out from under federal taxation and regulation, freeing up wealth and sparking economic development. Federalists say the split would only hurt businesses and saddle landlocked Alberta with debt and the massive cost of delivering formerly federal services.
Smith has framed her other nine other questions on immigration and constitutional reform as a political compromise that could address Alberta's grievances, gain leverage with Ottawa and avoid dismantling the country.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published Oct. 16, 2026.
Copyright 2026, The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.
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National Ballet School, divinity college students among those affected by OSAP pause
OSAP pause affecting ballet, divinity schools
THE CANADIAN PRESS/Chris Young
A recent pause on financial assistance payments to private post-secondary institutions in Ontario is affecting divinity schools, Canada's National Ballet School and many others, with students feeling unfairly swept up in what they describe as a trawling net-like policy.
Colleges and Universities Minister Nolan Quinn announced last week that the province had tasked KPMG with auditing Ontario Student Assistance Program usage at career colleges, and that preliminary findings were of such concern that he referred the matter to the Ontario Provincial Police.
While the audit is ongoing, Quinn said, OSAP payments to private post-secondary institutions would be paused. Quinn said he is "working on" securing low-interest loans for affected students at financial institutions, but he has not indicated a timeline.
Many career college students have said they are worried about the pause, with no clear end in sight and with some students relying on that financial aid to cover not just tuition but living expenses while they study.
The broad nature of the pause affects all private post-secondary institutions, including private universities, chiropractic and naturopathic medicine colleges, and performing arts schools such as Canada's National Ballet School.
Alessia Di Palma is in her last year of the ballet school's five-year joint teacher training program with York University, and said she does not want to have to leave school when she is so close to finishing, but at the moment doesn't know how she will pay her rent, even though she works two jobs while going to school.
"I'm heartbroken," she said. "My heart sunk when I found out because it's unfair that I've had this funding for four years and then the fifth year it's just gone now because of something that didn't even have anything to do with me."
Initial concerns stemmed from activity at a few schools, Quinn's office says, but evidence of "systemic issues" has come up in recent weeks.
“At this time, we do not have assurances from the audit team that the issues are not more widespread, leaving us with no choice but to pause OSAP payments to all private institutions to protect taxpayer dollars and hold bad actors accountable," spokesperson Bianca Giacoboni wrote in a statement.
"We understand this is creating uncertainty for students and are working quickly to develop options for low-interest, third-party loans facilitated by financial institutions to help students through this period of transition.”
At the ballet school, programs are mostly at the secondary level, but it does have a post-secondary teacher training program that is affected by the OSAP pause. About half of those students rely on that aid to pay their tuition, said executive director John Dalrymple.
The government has chosen the bluntest and most harmful way of dealing with the root of the problem, he said, and it is especially disappointing that Quinn enacted the pause before securing those third-party loans.
"The fact that now all of these students who are working multiple jobs to make ends meet, who are at the very beginning of their career, are now left holding the bag to figure out how to finance something that the government had already assured them they qualified for and they were going to receive, I think is unconscionable," he said.
Theological schools like McMaster Divinity College, affiliated with McMaster University, are also affected by the pause. Ambrose Thomson, the school's registrar and director of student services, said students are beside themselves.
About 10 per cent of the non-profit institution's revenue is dependent on OSAP-paid tuition, he said. McMaster Divinity College is relatively well-positioned to weather that storm, Ambrose said, but not all schools are so lucky.
"The impression I get is that the government knows full well what the impacts are," he said.
"They're not stupid. All I can assume is that at the highest levels where these decisions were made, they're actually willing to allow career colleges and other schools to shut their doors ... I think they're trying to look like they're doing something in the face of 300-whatever million dollars that they were not smart enough to pay attention to."
Data obtained by The Canadian Press through a freedom-of-information request showed large increases in OSAP usage at a relatively small number of career colleges from 2020-21 to 2024-25.
The seven career colleges that had the highest OSAP usage in 2024-25 received $385 million in provincial grants – the same amount that went to students at all of Ontario's publicly funded colleges that year.
Career Colleges Ontario has raised concerns since 2023 about what it calls potentially "suspicious activity" with OSAP usage at a few schools.
Deanna Hutten, a second-year master's student in McMaster Divinity College's counselling and spiritual care program, is borrowing money from family and working 10 more hours per week at her marketing job to make up for her OSAP being on hold.
The single mother to a one-year-old daughter who hopes to work in hospital chaplaincy said it is frustrating to be lumped in with some suspected bad actors.
"It definitely feels very unfair," she said.
"They had known about this since 2023 that there were people kind of (allegedly) fudging the system, and now we as private career – not even career colleges, but private institutions – are kind of being swept into that field or that group of people, even though we're not a part of that."
At the Toronto Film School, there is also "tremendous uncertainty and anxiety" for many students, said president Andrew Barnsley. He is calling for prompt reinstatement of OSAP for eligible students, or at least a clear, expedited timeline to resolve the pause.
"The OSAP pause is deeply disappointing, and our greatest concern is the impact on our students who made significant commitments to their education with the reasonable expectation that financial assistance would be available," he wrote in a statement.
"Many students have rearranged their lives, reduced or left employment, made child-care arrangements and, in some cases, relocated to Toronto in order to pursue their studies. They need to know whether they can meet their financial obligations, including life essentials like rent or food, and continue the programs in which they have already invested time, money and effort."
This report by The Canadian Press was first published Oct. 16, 2026.
By Allison Jones | Copyright 2026, The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.
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'Goodbye to a good friend': Snowbirds' final show to be livestreamed today
Final Snowbirds air show to be livestreamed today
THE CANADIAN PRESS/Patrick Doyle
Members of the Royal Canadian Air Force Snowbirds aerial aerobatics team are set to perform their final air show Friday in Moose Jaw, Sask., before their decades-old Tutor jets head into retirement.
The RCAF is set to livestream the annual season home closer online at 2 p.m. ET on its Facebook page.
There will still be one more chance to see the CT-114 Tutors in action before they are sent to the airbase in Trenton, Ont., for disposal.
The Snowbirds are scheduled to perform a flyover at the Canadian Football League Grey Cup game in Calgary on Nov. 15.
Capt. Philip Rochon, public affairs officer for the Snowbirds, said it's a bittersweet time for the pilots who are saying farewell to the planes the team has flown for 55 years.
"It's like saying goodbye to a good friend," he said.
Rochon said the Snowbirds received an outpouring of support over the summer from Canadians across the country who shared memories of past shows and their encounters with an iconic "piece of Canadiana."
"At the same time, we're looking forward to the future with the new aircraft that was announced," he said. "That will come online hopefully in the next few years. We're looking forward to seeing what the next chapter of the Snowbirds will be."
Defence Minister David McGuinty announced in May that the old Tutors will be replaced eventually by the Swiss-made PC-21 Pilatus aircraft, known as the CT-157 Siskin II.
The RCAF is also acquiring those same aircraft for pilot training.
While the Snowbirds were formed in 1971, the air force obtained the Tutor jets in 1963.
The Snowbirds will go on a multi-year hiatus until the replacement aircraft are delivered and the team can be trained up on the new planes. That could take until the early 2030s but there's no set timeline.
The decision to ground the team came after planned upgrades to the Tutors' engines and escape systems meant to keep them in the air until 2030 encountered a range of problems, including parts obsolescence.
RCAF Commander Lt.-Gen. Jamie Speiser-Blanchet told reporters at the AERO Gatineau-Ottawa air show last month that it's been "heartwarming" to see how Canadians have responded over the last season.
"The Snowbirds are so much more than just an air demonstration team, obviously, and it evokes so much emotion and we all have such fond strong memories," she said.
"I really can't overstate just how significant they are to Canadians and specifically to the RCAF. The idea that we'd have to take a pause was definitely not an easy one. However, the Tutor aircraft is 63 years old and it is time to move into the future and make sure that we're doing things for the right reasons."
She said the demonstration team has been focused solely on finishing the current season. Once that's done, she said, the RCAF can "build the right kind of plan" to ensure the pilots don't get rusty in the meantime.
"We're looking at things like, can we send an exchange into some of our allied teams, or obviously instructing and working with the PC-21 in Moose Jaw as an option," she said.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published Oct. 16, 2026.
By Kyle Duggan | Copyright 2026, The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.
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